甲基苯丙胺和癲癇發作

快捷方式: 差异，相似，杰卡德相似系数，参考。

甲基苯丙胺和癲癇發作之间的区别

甲基苯丙胺 vs. 癲癇發作

基苯丙胺或甲基安非他命（英語：Methamphetamine，全名是)）是強效的中樞神經系統刺激劑，主要被用於娛樂用途，較少被用於治療注意力不足過動症和肥胖症，即便有也被當成第二線療法。甲基苯丙胺是在1893年發現，有二種对映异构：分別是左旋甲基苯丙胺（levo-methamphetamine）及右旋甲基苯丙胺（dextro-methamphetamine）。「甲基苯丙胺」一般是指左旋甲基苯丙胺及右旋甲基苯丙胺各佔一半的外消旋混合物。甲基安非他命較少被醫師處方，因為可能會，以及有用作春藥和欣快感促進劑等風險。而且已有療效相同，而對人體危害風險更低的替代藥物。 在美國能直接在市面上購買主成分為左旋甲基苯丙胺的吸入型因為它被視為非处方药。 甲基苯丙胺常因為它們的藥效動力學屬性而被非法交易，用於娛樂用途。非法使用甲基苯丙胺在亚洲部分地区、大洋洲和美国最为普遍。在美国，消旋以及左旋、右旋甲基苯丙胺均为。 Levomethamphetamine is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled in the United States. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of and limited availability of chemical precursors. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. At higher doses, it can induce, breakdown of skeletal muscle, and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid s, (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delirium, and delusions) and violent behavior. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days. Methamphetamine is known to possess a high addiction liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high dependence liability (i.e. a high likelihood that withdrawal symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. Unlike amphetamine, methamphetamine is to human midbrain neurons. It has also been shown to damage serotonin neurons in the CNS. This damage includes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions and adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity. Methamphetamine belongs to the and. It is related to the other s as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula:. 癇發作（epileptic seizure或epileptic fit，有時在文獻或新聞只簡單稱為 seizure或fit） 是因為腦中的過度的神经振荡而出現的醫學病徵。 這種腦內異常的外溢效應（outward effect）可以是無法自行控制的混亂運動；也可以是短暫的失去意識。 只要是有任何能引起癲癇發作（epileptic seizures）的腦部疾病，統稱為癲癇（epilepsy）。 癲癇發作可能發生在沒有癲癇歷史的人身上。這類型的危險因子包括：腦部受創（brain trauma）、濫用藥物、過高體溫、低血糖 和 缺氧。另外有一些看起來像癲癇發作的症狀，但實際上並非真的癲癇發作。 首次出現的癲癇發作通常不需要長時間服食，除非出現特定問題或要照腦電圖或腦部造影（brain imaging）。 所有活到80歲的人之中大約5~10%，在其人生中至少遇過一次癲癇發作，遇到第二次癲癇發作的機率介於40~50%之間。.

驚厥

驚厥（英語：Convulsion），亦稱驚風，在醫學上指肌肉突然緊張、鬆弛而導致身體失控顫抖的狀況。因為癥狀與癲癇發作相似而被混淆，但並不是所有的癲癇發作都會導致驚厥。 和西醫所指的廣泛不同，中醫上驚厥主要指發於一至五歲小兒的小兒驚厥，是一種虛症。它會和其它許多疾病同時發生，導致兒童抽搐和神志障礙。發病率隨著年齡的增加而降低。.

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