甲基苯丙胺和龋齿

快捷方式: 差异，相似，杰卡德相似系数，参考。

甲基苯丙胺和龋齿之间的区别

甲基苯丙胺 vs. 龋齿

基苯丙胺或甲基安非他命（英語：Methamphetamine，全名是)）是強效的中樞神經系統刺激劑，主要被用於娛樂用途，較少被用於治療注意力不足過動症和肥胖症，即便有也被當成第二線療法。甲基苯丙胺是在1893年發現，有二種对映异构：分別是左旋甲基苯丙胺（levo-methamphetamine）及右旋甲基苯丙胺（dextro-methamphetamine）。「甲基苯丙胺」一般是指左旋甲基苯丙胺及右旋甲基苯丙胺各佔一半的外消旋混合物。甲基安非他命較少被醫師處方，因為可能會，以及有用作春藥和欣快感促進劑等風險。而且已有療效相同，而對人體危害風險更低的替代藥物。 在美國能直接在市面上購買主成分為左旋甲基苯丙胺的吸入型因為它被視為非处方药。 甲基苯丙胺常因為它們的藥效動力學屬性而被非法交易，用於娛樂用途。非法使用甲基苯丙胺在亚洲部分地区、大洋洲和美国最为普遍。在美国，消旋以及左旋、右旋甲基苯丙胺均为。 Levomethamphetamine is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled in the United States. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of and limited availability of chemical precursors. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. At higher doses, it can induce, breakdown of skeletal muscle, and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid s, (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delirium, and delusions) and violent behavior. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days. Methamphetamine is known to possess a high addiction liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high dependence liability (i.e. a high likelihood that withdrawal symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. Unlike amphetamine, methamphetamine is to human midbrain neurons. It has also been shown to damage serotonin neurons in the CNS. This damage includes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions and adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity. Methamphetamine belongs to the and. It is related to the other s as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula:. 齲齒（dental caries, tooth decay, cavities, caries，其中caries起源於拉丁文的「腐爛」），俗稱蛀牙，指牙齒因細菌活動而造成分解的現象。常見的齲齒菌種是乳酸鏈球菌（lactococcus garvieae）與轉糖鏈球菌（streptococcus mutans）等革蘭氏陽性好氧菌，它們代謝醣類後會產生能腐蝕牙齒的酸性物質。齲齒時會呈現黃色到黑色之間的不同顏色，其症狀包含疼痛與進食困難，併發症包含、與形成牙齒膿腫。 人類學的許多證據顯示原始人很少齲齒，但在一萬年前農業革命之後多數人類逐漸以富含澱粉（屬多醣）的穀物為主食，齲齒好發率遽增。由於人類的牙釉質無法再生、牙本質再生緩慢，清潔不佳的牙齒容易讓牙菌長驅直入，最終侵犯到牙髓。牙髓腔幾近封閉空間, 一旦被牙菌感染, 發炎跟組織浮腫會阻塞僅0.1公釐寬的根尖根管，切斷來自根尖外微血管的養分或藥物；因此若牙髓發炎，既難以用手術疏通細微的根尖根管，又無法讓抗生素的藥力傳遞到牙髓，通常就只剩去除整個牙髓組織一途（根管治療）。.