甲基苯丙胺和電解質不平衡

快捷方式: 差异，相似，杰卡德相似系数，参考。

甲基苯丙胺和電解質不平衡之间的区别

甲基苯丙胺 vs. 電解質不平衡

基苯丙胺或甲基安非他命（英語：Methamphetamine，全名是)）是強效的中樞神經系統刺激劑，主要被用於娛樂用途，較少被用於治療注意力不足過動症和肥胖症，即便有也被當成第二線療法。甲基苯丙胺是在1893年發現，有二種对映异构：分別是左旋甲基苯丙胺（levo-methamphetamine）及右旋甲基苯丙胺（dextro-methamphetamine）。「甲基苯丙胺」一般是指左旋甲基苯丙胺及右旋甲基苯丙胺各佔一半的外消旋混合物。甲基安非他命較少被醫師處方，因為可能會，以及有用作春藥和欣快感促進劑等風險。而且已有療效相同，而對人體危害風險更低的替代藥物。 在美國能直接在市面上購買主成分為左旋甲基苯丙胺的吸入型因為它被視為非处方药。 甲基苯丙胺常因為它們的藥效動力學屬性而被非法交易，用於娛樂用途。非法使用甲基苯丙胺在亚洲部分地区、大洋洲和美国最为普遍。在美国，消旋以及左旋、右旋甲基苯丙胺均为。 Levomethamphetamine is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled in the United States. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of and limited availability of chemical precursors. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. At higher doses, it can induce, breakdown of skeletal muscle, and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid s, (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delirium, and delusions) and violent behavior. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days. Methamphetamine is known to possess a high addiction liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high dependence liability (i.e. a high likelihood that withdrawal symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. Unlike amphetamine, methamphetamine is to human midbrain neurons. It has also been shown to damage serotonin neurons in the CNS. This damage includes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions and adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity. Methamphetamine belongs to the and. It is related to the other s as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula:. 电解质在生物體的自平衡維持上相當的重要。电解质可調節心臓及神經機能、輸送氧氣、維持及酸鹼平衡等。电解质的不平衡可能因為以下原因而產生：過度、特定電解質的消耗量下降、特定電解質的攝取不足或是過度消耗。 不平衡時影響最大的電解質是钠、钾或钙。其他電解質的不平衡較不常見，就算有出現，也是伴隨著上述的主要電解質變化。慢性的泻药濫用或是嚴重腹瀉或呕吐（腸胃炎）可能會伴隨著電解質不平衡以及脱水。若有貪食症或神经性厌食症的人有電解質不平衡的風險特別的高。.

脱水

脱水（dehydration）是一种化工单元过程，是水合的逆过程。把水分子从物质分子中解脱出来，对于单纯的水合物来说，比较容易，一般只要加热使水脱离蒸发就可以了，如将碳酸钠水合物晶体加热，就会脱水成为碳酸钠粉末。但对于只和水分子部分结合成为新的物质，脱水就必须借助催化剂或控制其他条件，如将乙醇脱水制乙烯或乙醚等。 有时单纯的物理干燥也叫做脱水，如食物脱水以便贮藏，防止微生物繁殖引起食物腐败等。 在医学方面，脱水指人体由于病变，消耗大量水分，而不能即时补充，造成新陈代谢障碍的一种症状，严重时会造成虚脱，甚至有生命危险，需要依靠输液补充体液。按照钠和水丢失的比例，可以分为等渗性脱水、低渗性脱水和高渗性脱水三种。.

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