狂躁和甲基苯丙胺

快捷方式: 差异，相似，杰卡德相似系数，参考。

狂躁和甲基苯丙胺之间的区别

狂躁 vs. 甲基苯丙胺

躁（Mania），或狂躁症，是异常激活唤起、情感和能量水平状态，或者也可以说，是“一种伴有情绪高涨和情绪起伏不定的过度反应”状态。虽然“狂躁”经常被视为是抑郁的对立面，但是高涨的情绪种类既可以是欣快感也可以是发怒。随着狂躁症越来越严重，易怒情绪将越来越外泄，并导致暴力行为。. 基苯丙胺或甲基安非他命（英語：Methamphetamine，全名是)）是強效的中樞神經系統刺激劑，主要被用於娛樂用途，較少被用於治療注意力不足過動症和肥胖症，即便有也被當成第二線療法。甲基苯丙胺是在1893年發現，有二種对映异构：分別是左旋甲基苯丙胺（levo-methamphetamine）及右旋甲基苯丙胺（dextro-methamphetamine）。「甲基苯丙胺」一般是指左旋甲基苯丙胺及右旋甲基苯丙胺各佔一半的外消旋混合物。甲基安非他命較少被醫師處方，因為可能會，以及有用作春藥和欣快感促進劑等風險。而且已有療效相同，而對人體危害風險更低的替代藥物。 在美國能直接在市面上購買主成分為左旋甲基苯丙胺的吸入型因為它被視為非处方药。 甲基苯丙胺常因為它們的藥效動力學屬性而被非法交易，用於娛樂用途。非法使用甲基苯丙胺在亚洲部分地区、大洋洲和美国最为普遍。在美国，消旋以及左旋、右旋甲基苯丙胺均为。 Levomethamphetamine is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled in the United States. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of and limited availability of chemical precursors. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. At higher doses, it can induce, breakdown of skeletal muscle, and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid s, (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delirium, and delusions) and violent behavior. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days. Methamphetamine is known to possess a high addiction liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high dependence liability (i.e. a high likelihood that withdrawal symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. Unlike amphetamine, methamphetamine is to human midbrain neurons. It has also been shown to damage serotonin neurons in the CNS. This damage includes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions and adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity. Methamphetamine belongs to the and. It is related to the other s as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula:.

欣快

欣快（英语：Euphoria ，，来源于古希腊语 εὐφορία）（词义与烦躁相反），在医学上把它当做一种精神和情感的状态。心情愉快、无忧无虑、兴高采烈、异常幸福、兴奋、喜悦。从技术上来说，欣快在心理学中属于行为，但该术语通常俗称用来形容一种对事物超然的幸福和具有压倒性的知足感的一种情绪波动。它也被定义为“情感状态呈现出夸张的幸福或兴高采烈”。这个英语词源于希腊语的εὐφορία，“轻松、持久的力量”。 欣快感被普遍认为是一种病态的身体和心理状态，有时会通过使用精神药品来达到，而不是通过正常方式得到一种人类中的精神状态。然而，一些自然的行为，如性高潮，爱，或取得比赛胜利的运动员，可诱发短暂的这种兴奋状态。 欣快感也被用来指代进行某些仪式和冥想中的宗教或精神。 欣快也可以是一种心理障碍的结果。这些疾病包括躁郁症，循环型情感症和甲状腺功能亢进，也可以是头部受伤所导致。 欣快也可以发生在某些影响神经系统的疾病患者中，如梅毒和多发性硬化症Rhodri Hayward "euphoria" The Oxford Companion to the Body.

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