对映异构和甲基苯丙胺

快捷方式: 差异，相似，杰卡德相似系数，参考。

对映异构和甲基苯丙胺之间的区别

对映异构 vs. 甲基苯丙胺

對映異構體（Enantiomer），又稱對掌異構物、光學異構物、鏡像異構物或对映异构体或旋光异构体，不能與彼此立體異構體鏡像完全重疊。 互為鏡像（mirror images）的分子。不对称碳原子和四種不同的原子或原子基團連結，不對稱碳為手性中心。當有n個手性中心時，則最多有2的n次方立體異構物。 來源於希臘文，具有左手對右手那樣鏡像關係的一對物質。無論怎樣擺佈都不能使這些鏡像成為同一物。有對稱平面的物質不能是對映體，因為它和它的鏡像是等同的。乳酸那樣的分子對映體，除了與其他不對稱分子的化學反應以及與偏振光作用外，具有完全相同的化學物質。對映體在結晶學中很重要，因為許多晶體是由單個分子的右手型和左手型交替排列的。對晶體的完整描述，就是要說明這些型體彼此間是如何混合的。兩種光學活性的酒石酸，即所謂d-酒石酸和l-酒石酸就是一對對映體的實例。. 基苯丙胺或甲基安非他命（英語：Methamphetamine，全名是)）是強效的中樞神經系統刺激劑，主要被用於娛樂用途，較少被用於治療注意力不足過動症和肥胖症，即便有也被當成第二線療法。甲基苯丙胺是在1893年發現，有二種对映异构：分別是左旋甲基苯丙胺（levo-methamphetamine）及右旋甲基苯丙胺（dextro-methamphetamine）。「甲基苯丙胺」一般是指左旋甲基苯丙胺及右旋甲基苯丙胺各佔一半的外消旋混合物。甲基安非他命較少被醫師處方，因為可能會，以及有用作春藥和欣快感促進劑等風險。而且已有療效相同，而對人體危害風險更低的替代藥物。 在美國能直接在市面上購買主成分為左旋甲基苯丙胺的吸入型因為它被視為非处方药。 甲基苯丙胺常因為它們的藥效動力學屬性而被非法交易，用於娛樂用途。非法使用甲基苯丙胺在亚洲部分地区、大洋洲和美国最为普遍。在美国，消旋以及左旋、右旋甲基苯丙胺均为。 Levomethamphetamine is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug for use as an inhaled in the United States. Internationally, the production, distribution, sale, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries, due to its placement in schedule II of the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances treaty. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of and limited availability of chemical precursors. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite, and promote weight loss. At higher doses, it can induce, breakdown of skeletal muscle, and bleeding in the brain. Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid s, (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delirium, and delusions) and violent behavior. Recreationally, methamphetamine's ability to has been reported to lift mood and increase sexual desire to such an extent that users are able to engage in sexual activity continuously for several days. Methamphetamine is known to possess a high addiction liability (i.e., a high likelihood that long-term or high dose use will lead to compulsive drug use) and high dependence liability (i.e. a high likelihood that withdrawal symptoms will occur when methamphetamine use ceases). Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. Unlike amphetamine, methamphetamine is to human midbrain neurons. It has also been shown to damage serotonin neurons in the CNS. This damage includes adverse changes in brain structure and function, such as reductions in grey matter volume in several brain regions and adverse changes in markers of metabolic integrity. Methamphetamine belongs to the and. It is related to the other s as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula:.